Zebras are African equines known for their striking black and white striped coats. They are closely related to horses and donkeys, and there are three living species.
Species
There are three living species of zebra, each with a unique stripe pattern:
- Plains Zebra: The most common species, found in grasslands throughout eastern and southern Africa. Their stripes are broad and widely spaced, and some subspecies have fainter "shadow stripes" between the black ones.
- Grévy's Zebra: The largest species, with a mule-like appearance and narrow, closely set stripes that extend to a white belly. They live in the arid grasslands of Kenya and Ethiopia.
- Mountain Zebra: Found in the mountainous regions of southern Africa. They have a distinctive grid-like pattern on their rump and a small flap of skin, called a dewlap, under their throat.
Unique Stripes
Each zebra has a unique stripe pattern, much like a human fingerprint. While scientists once debated whether they are white with black stripes or black with white stripes, research has shown that zebras have black skin underneath their fur. The stripes are believed to help deter biting flies, provide a form of camouflage, and help individual zebras recognize each other within a herd.
Behavior and Diet
Zebras are social animals that live in groups called "dazzles," "herds," or "zeals." They have excellent hearing and eyesight and can run at speeds up to 40 mph to escape predators like lions and hyenas. They can also deliver a powerful kick.
As herbivores, zebras are primarily grazers and eat grasses, but they will also eat leaves, buds, and bark. Their ability to digest tough, low-quality vegetation allows them to survive in areas where other herbivores cannot.
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